If I told you that only 26% of the population can demonstrate a basic understanding of calculus, and 63% of those are women, you might be surprised. It would appear that calculus must be a niche specialty where women are well ahead of men. You could not help but wonder how men have dominated the STEM fields for so long, given this apparently superior mathematical aptitude that women have.
The truth is, both men and women are equally capable of advanced mathematical reasoning, and the above statistics are fictitious. It is a proven fact that we find statements accompanied by precise numbers far more compelling than vague assertions. We trust statistics, with little regard for how they were obtained. A cautionary view is often attributed to Mark Twain (who himself credited British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli) – “There are three kinds of lies; Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics.” Statisticians have a language all their own, which only makes things worse.
A statistician approaching the aforementioned question of mathematical acuity would begin with a test of some sort and form a hypothesis – something like “There is no difference in standardized mathematical test scores based on gender.” In stat-speak, this is the “null hypothesis.” If the data showed no difference in test scores based on gender, you might say men and women are equally proficient at math. A statistician, with an apparent aversion to commitment, would only say their study “failed to reject the null hypothesis.” If nothing else, reading this paragraph should convince you that Mark Twain was on to something.
“Null” is a nothing word, something with no value. It comes from the Latin “nullus”, meaning “not any.” It has also come to mean “invalid” or “powerless.” In our math-gender example, it says, “Move along now – there’s nothing here.” Although software developers may use nulls for padding or as delimiters, they otherwise have little value. Nothing is nothing, after all.
It would be easy to conclude that this is much ado about nothing, but there is more to nothing than first appears. If you’ve ever typed an address into Google Maps (e.g. 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC), you would see a map with a pin at that location. How does it know? Thanks to geocoding, the physical addresses with which we are familiar have been converted into coordinates that the map understands – in this case 38°53'52.2"N 77°02'11.7"W. This is a hidden marvel of modern technology, except when it’s not.
Geocoders are not perfect, nor are the humans who use them. Mis-spelled street names, non-existent address numbers or just plain typos can confound the system and cause it to default to “0,0”. This poses a bit of a problem in that 0,0 is an actual location on Earth, south of Ghana in the Gulf of Guinea. It is a running joke among GIS professionals that all those mistakes are sent off to “Null Island.” Ironically, Null Island is one of the most visited places on Earth, though it doesn’t actually exist. (NOTE: There is, however, a NOAA weather observation buoy, known as Station 13010, located at 0,0).
Like many big cities, Los Angeles has some rough areas that tourists should avoid. The section surrounding LA City Hall directly across the street from the Los Angeles Police Department would seem safe but in one 4-month period, it showed on the map as the location for 1,380 crimes. There is a hand-written entry for every reported crime in the city, and if the computer can’t decipher it, it defaults to the front of LAPD Headquarters. Once this was discovered, the fix was clear – deport all those criminals to Null Island.
Typos and criminals aren’t the only things banished to Null Island. A popular outdoor fitness tracking app called Strava, used by athletes to share their training feats on social media, incorporates GPS based location tracking to broadcast from where and for how far they ran, cycled, or swam. When Strava published a "Global Heatmap" to hype the widespread usage of their product, some folks noticed a concentration of activity in a few unlikely areas. When it was revealed that some of these were heretofore undisclosed military bases, privacy concerns arose, and people started entering “0,0” as their starting location. Soon Null Island became a global destination for fitness training.
An outbreak of COVID19 cases, a scourge of cyberattacks, some crazy gender theories - all have helped Null Island maintain notoriety through the years as a busy yet non-existent place. It will long endure as a gathering spot for a vast assortment of items with one thing in common – nothing.
Author Profile - Paul W. Smith - leader, educator, technologist, writer - has a lifelong interest in the countless ways that technology changes the course of our journey through life. In addition to being a regular contributor to NetworkDataPedia, he maintains the website Technology for the Journey and occasionally writes for Blogcritics. Paul has over 40 years of experience in research and advanced development for companies ranging from small startups to industry leaders. His other passion is teaching - he is a former Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines. Paul holds a doctorate in Applied Mechanics from the California Institute of Technology, as well as Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara.
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